I/O Manipulators with Parameters - 1

• Use

std::cout << Beep(10);  // output 10 "beep"s

• Implementation -- non-generic

// the manipulator function class
class Beep
{
  private:
    int beeps_;

  public:
    // constructor takes one parameter -- the number of beeps
    Beep (int n) : beeps_(n)
    {}

    // overload of () takes one parameter -- the ostream
    void operator () (std::ostream& os) const
    {
      for (int i = 0; i < beeps_; ++i)
        os.put('\a');
    }
};

// overload of output operator for function class
std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& os, Beep b)
{
  b(os);
  return os;
}