// Fig. 15.11: Fig15_11.cpp
// Creating and testing user-defined, nonparameterized 
// stream manipulators.
#include <iostream>
using std::ostream;
using std::cout;
using std::flush;

// bell manipulator (using escape sequence \a)
ostream& bell( ostream& output )
{
   return output << '\a';  // issue system beep
} // end bell manipulator

// carriageReturn manipulator (using escape sequence \r)
ostream& carriageReturn( ostream& output )
{
   return output << '\r';  // issue carriage return
} // end carriageReturn manipulator

// tab manipulator (using escape sequence \t)
ostream& tab( ostream& output )
{
   return output << '\t';  // issue tab
} // end tab manipulator

// endLine manipulator (using escape sequence \n and member
// function flush)
ostream& endLine( ostream& output ) 
{ 
   return output << '\n' << flush; // issue endl-like end of line
} // end endLine manipulator

int main()
{
   // use tab and endLine manipulators
   cout << "Testing the tab manipulator:" << endLine
      << 'a' << tab << 'b' << tab << 'c' << endLine;

   cout << "Testing the carriageReturn and bell manipulators:"
      << endLine << "..........";

   cout << bell; // use bell manipulator

   // use ret and endLine manipulators
   cout << carriageReturn << "-----" << endLine;
   return 0;
} // end main

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