// Fig. 6.19: fig06_19.cpp
// Comparing pass-by-value and pass-by-reference with references.
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

int squareByValue( int ); // function prototype (value pass)
void squareByReference( int & ); // function prototype (reference pass)
                                                   
int main()
{
   int x = 2; // value to square using squareByValue
   int z = 4; // value to square using squareByReference

   // demonstrate squareByValue
   cout << "x = " << x << " before squareByValue\n";
   cout << "Value returned by squareByValue: " 
      << squareByValue( x ) << endl;  
   cout << "x = " << x << " after squareByValue\n" << endl;

   // demonstrate squareByReference
   cout << "z = " << z << " before squareByReference" << endl;
   squareByReference( z );
   cout << "z = " << z << " after squareByReference" << endl;
   return 0; // indicates successful termination
} // end main

// squareByValue multiplies number by itself, stores the 
// result in number and returns the new value of number
int squareByValue( int number )
{
   return number *= number; // caller's argument not modified
} // end function squareByValue

// squareByReference multiplies numberRef by itself and stores the result
// in the variable to which numberRef refers in function main
void squareByReference( int &numberRef )
{
   numberRef *= numberRef; // caller's argument modified
} // end function squareByReference



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