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5.4 Case Statements
1
A case_statement
selects for execution one of a number of alternative sequences_of_statements;
the chosen alternative is defined by the value of an expression.
Syntax
2
case_statement
::=
case expression is
case_statement_alternative
{
case_statement_alternative}
end case;
3
case_statement_alternative
::=
when discrete_choice_list =>
sequence_of_statements
Name Resolution Rules
4
The
expression
is expected to be of any discrete type.
The expected
type for each
discrete_choice is
the type of the
expression.
Legality Rules
5
The expressions
and discrete_ranges given as discrete_choices
of a case_statement shall be static.
A discrete_choice others,
if present, shall appear alone and in the last discrete_choice_list.
6
The possible values of the expression
shall be covered as follows:
7
- If the expression
is a name (including a type_conversion
or a function_call) having a static
and constrained nominal subtype, or is a qualified_expression
whose subtype_mark denotes a static
and constrained scalar subtype, then each non-others discrete_choice
shall cover only values in that subtype, and each value of that subtype
shall be covered by some discrete_choice
(either explicitly or by others).
8
- If the type of the expression
is root_integer, universal_integer, or a descendant of
a formal scalar type, then the case_statement
shall have an others discrete_choice.
9
- Otherwise, each value of the base
range of the type of the expression
shall be covered (either explicitly or by others).
10
Two distinct discrete_choices
of a case_statement shall not cover
the same value.
Dynamic Semantics
11
For the execution of a
case_statement
the
expression is first evaluated.
12
If the value of the expression
is covered by the discrete_choice_list
of some case_statement_alternative,
then the sequence_of_statements
of the _alternative is executed.
13
Otherwise
(the value is not covered by any
discrete_choice_list,
perhaps due to being outside the base range), Constraint_Error is raised.
14
5 The execution of a case_statement
chooses one and only one alternative. Qualification of the expression
of a case_statement by a static
subtype can often be used to limit the number of choices that need be
given explicitly.
Examples
15
Examples of
case statements:
16
case Sensor is
when Elevation => Record_Elevation(Sensor_Value);
when Azimuth => Record_Azimuth (Sensor_Value);
when Distance => Record_Distance (Sensor_Value);
when others => null;
end case;
17
case Today is
when Mon => Compute_Initial_Balance;
when Fri => Compute_Closing_Balance;
when Tue .. Thu => Generate_Report(Today);
when Sat .. Sun => null;
end case;
18
case Bin_Number(Count) is
when 1 => Update_Bin(1);
when 2 => Update_Bin(2);
when 3 | 4 =>
Empty_Bin(1);
Empty_Bin(2);
when others => raise Error;
end case;
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